Key to Codes in the Notes Column:

N Native to Sligo Watershed

NC Native to coastal plain of Sligo Watershed

A Alien, not native to Maryland; most are not even native to North America

NU Native to Maryland but highly unlikely to be found in Sligo Watershed

AU Not native to Maryland AND highly unlikely to be found in Sligo Watershed

MD Native to Maryland, but not native to Sligo Watershed; planted in Park, not naturalizing

MN Native to Maryland, but not native to Sligo Watershed; planted in Park and naturalizing

UN Not a recognized botanical name. Uncertain as to species.

FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES

Group	Plant Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Notes Key to Codes
Horsetails & Scouring-Rushes	Equisetaceae	Equisetum arvense	Field Horsetail	N Rare. Grows anywhere.
Clubmoss	Lycopodiaceae	Lycopodium obscurum	Ground Pine	N Rare. Damp, open woods.
Succulent Ferns	Ophioglossaceae	Botrychium dissectium, var. obliquum	Cut-leaf or Ternate Grapefern	N Rare. Open woods.
		B. virginianum	Rattlesnake Fern	N Rare. Moist woods.
Flowering Ferns	Osmundaceae	Osmunda regalis	Royal Fern	N Rare. Wet land.
Polypodium Family	Polypodaceae	Athyrium filix-femina	Lady Fern	N Occasional. Moist woods.
		Onoclea sensibilis	Sensitive Fern	N Occasional. Moist, sunny slopes & bottomland.
		Polypodium vulgare	Common Polypody	N Rare. On rocks.
		Polystichum acrostichoides	Christmas Fern	N Occasional. Moist woods.
		Thelypteris novaboracensis	New York Fern	N Occasional. Woods.
		T. hexagonoptera	Broad Beech Fern	N Occasional. Near stream.
		T. phegopteris	Long Beech Fern	NU Rare. Shady banks.
		T. simulata	Massachusetts Fern	NU Rare. Moist, shady woods.

FLOWERING PLANTS (Excluding Trees, Shrubs, and Vines)

Group	Plant Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Notes Key to Codes
Arrowhead	Alismataceae	Alisma subcordatum	Water-plantain	N Rare. Shallow water or mud.
		Sagittaria latifolia	Broadleaf Arrowhead	N Rare. Quiet shallow water.
Grass	Gramineae	Andropogon virginicus	Broomsedge	N Occasional. Moist areas.
		Arundinaria tecta	Switch Cane	NU Rare, escape. Bottomland.
		Bambusa sp.	Bamboo	AU One stand planted. Mis-id – confused with Yellow Groove bamboo
		Phyllostachys Aureosulcata	Yellow Groove Bamboo	A 15-25 ft tall, culms 1-2 inches diameter
		Bromus scarlomus	Swamp Chess, Swamp Cheat	A Moist spots.
		Dactylis glomerata	Orchard Grass	A Open areas.
		Digitaria sanguinalis	Crabgrass	A In tufts in waste places.
		Elymus canadensis	Canada Wild Rye	N
		Hystrix patula	Bottlebrush Grass	N Rare. Moist woods.
		Lolium perenne italicum	Italian Ryegrass	A Creek bank, waste places.
		Muhlenburgia mexicanus	Mexican Dropseed	N
		Phleum praetensis	Timothy	A Fields, moist areas.
		Poa pratensis	Kentucky Bluegrass	A Roadside, open woods.
		Setaria lutescens	Yellow Foxtail	A Creek edge in sun.
		Sorghastrum nutans	Indian Grass	N
		Sorghum halepense	Johnson Grass	A Roadsides.
		Uniola latifolia	Spangle Grass	N Woods.
Sedge	Cyperaceae	Carex cyperus	Sedge	UN Frequent. Near creek.
		Cladium jamaicens	Sawgrass	AU Rare. Probably an escapee.
		Cyperus diandrus	Sedge	N Occasional. Moist areas.
		Eriophorum virginicum var. album	Cottongrass or Cotton Sedge	NU Occasional. Moist areas.
		Lipocarpha maculata	Sedge	NU
		Scriptus acutus	American Bulrush	AU Rare. Shallow water.
		S. lacustris	Great Bulrush	AU Rare. Stream edge.
		S. polyphyllus	Bulrush	N Rare. Moist ground.
Calla, Arum	Araceae	Arisaema triphyllum	Jack-in-the-pulpit	N Rare. Moist woods.
		Symplocarpus foetidus	Skunk Cabbage	N Rare. Moist areas.
Dayflower	Commelinaceae	Commelina communis	Spreading Dayflower	A Infrequent. Moist, sunny areas.
		C. erecta	Erect Dayflower	NU Rare.
		Tradescantia virginiana	Spiderwort	N Rare. Sunny areas.
Rush	Juncaceae	Juncus tenuis	Path Rush	N Occasional.
		Luzula obtusa	Wood Rush	N Frequent. Open woods.
Lily	Liliaceae	Allium stellatum	Wild Onion	AU Rare.
		A. vineale	Wild Garlic	A Occasional. Open areas.
		Erythronium americanum	Trout Lily, Adder’s Tongue	N Occasional. Patches in moist, shady woods near stream.
		Hemerocallis fulva	Orange Day-lily	A Occasional. Along creek.
		Medeola virginiana	Indian Cucumber-root	N Rare. Open woods.
		Ornihtogalum umbellatus	Star-of-Bethlehem	A Rare. Escape.
		Polygonatum biflorum	Solomon’s Seal	N Rare. Open woods.
		Smilacina racemosa	Solomon’s Plume, False Solmon’s Seal	N Occasional patches. On slopes in open woods.
Amaryllis, Daffodil	Amaryllidaceae	Hypoxis hirsuta	Stargrass	N Rare. Moist spots in sun.
		Narcissus poeticus	Poet’s Narcissus	A A few. Escape.
		N. pseudo-narcissus	Daffodil	A A few. Escape.
Iris	Iridaceae	Iris	Blue Garden Iris	A Escape.
		Crocus	Crocus	A Escape.
		Sisyrinchium angustifolium	Blue-eyed Grass	N Rare. Near creek in sun.
Bloodwort	Haemodoraceae	Lachnantheae tinctoria	Red-root	NU Rare. Creek bank.
Nettle	Urticaceae	Boehmeria cylindrica	False Nettle	N Rare. Moist woods.
		Pilea pumila	Clearweed	N Rare. Moist open woods.
Smartweed	Polygonaceae	Polygonum aviculare	Prostrate Knotweed	A Common. Road edges, waste places.
		P. cespitosum	Long-bristled Smartweed	A Frequent. Sunny moist areas.
		P. coccineum	Swamp Smartweed	N Occasional. Moist areas.
		P. erectum	Erect Knotweed	N Occasional. Road edges.
		P. hydropiper	Water-pepper, Prince’s Feather	N Occasional. Creek edge.
		P. hydropiperoides	Mild Water-pepper	N Rare. Creek edge.
		P. lapathifolium	Pale Smartweed	N Rare. Wet places.
		P. pennsylvanicum	Pennsylvania Smartweed	N Occasional. Moist ditch, creek bank.
		P. persicaria	Lady-thumb, Redleg	A Frequent. Sunny, moist areas.
		P. sagittatum	Arrow-leaved Tearthumb	N Rare. Creek edge.
		Rumex acetosa	Garden Sorrell	A Rare. Open sun.
		R. acetosella	Sheep, Common Sorrell	A Rare. Open sun.
		R. crispus	Curled Dock	A Rare. Fields.
		R. obtusifolius	Broad, Bitter Dock	A Occasional. Fields.
		Tovara virginiana	Jumpseed, Virginia Knotweed	N Frequent. Bottomland woods and wood openings.
Goosefoot	Chenopodiaceae	Chenopodium album	Lamb’s-quarters	A Occasional. Roadside.
		C. paganum	Pigweed	A Occasional. Roadside, waste places.
Amaranth	Amaranthaceae	Amaranthus hybridus	Tall Green Amaranth, Bumbleweed	A Rare. Wasteland.
		A. retroflexus	Green Amaranth, Bumblebeeweed	A Frequent. Roadsides, waste places.
Poke	Phytolaccaceae	Phytolacca americana	Pokeweed	N Frequent. Open areas.
Purslane	Portulacaceae	Claytonia virginica	Spring Beauty	N Common. Open bottomland woods.
		Portulaca oleracea	Purslane	A Rare. Open sun in disturbed ground.
Plantain	Plantaginaceae	Plantago lanceolata	English Plantain, Rib Grass	A Frequent. Roadsides, waste places.
		P. major	Common Plantain	A Frequent. Roadsides, waste places.
Pink	Caryophyllaceae	Cerastium vulgatum	Mouse-ear chickweed	A Occasional. Grass areas.
		Dianthus armeria	Deptford Pink	A Rare. Sunny, moist spots.
		Lychnis alba	White Campion, Evening Lynchnis	A Rare. Wood’s edge.
		Saponaria officinalis	Bouncing Bet	A Rare, waste places.
		Schleranthus annus	Knawel	A Rare.
		Silene stellata	Starry Campion	N Rare. Open woods.
		Stellaria graminea	Stitchwort	N Infrequent. Sunny, moist spots.
		S. media	Common Chickweed	A Common. Waste places.
		S. pubera	Starwort, Start Chickweed	N Frequent. Clumps on wooded slopes.
Buttercup, Crowfoot	Ranunculaceae	Anemone virginiana	Virginia Anemone, Thimbleweed	N Rare. Dry, open woods.
		Anemonella thalictroides	Rue Anemone	N Rare. Moist woods.
		Cimicifuga racemosa	Black Cohosh, Fairy Candles	N Occasional. Woods near creek.
		Hepatica americana	Hepatica, Liverwort	N Rare. Dry woods.
		Ranunculus abortivus	Abortive or Kidney-leaf Buttercup	N Frequent. Moist woods.
		R. acris	Common, Tall Buttercup	A Rare. Open sun.
		R. bulbosus	Bulbous Buttercup	A Frequent. Sunny creek bank.
		Thalictrum polyganum	Tall Meadowrue	N Rare. Along creek bank.
Barberry	Berberidaceae	Podophyllum peltatum	Mayapple, Mandrake, Umbrella Plant	N Frequent. Patches in open woods.
Poppy	Papaveraceae	Sanguinaria canadensis	Bloodroot	N Occasional. Slopes in moist woods.
Bleeding Heart	Fumariaceae	Corydalis flavula	Yellow Corydalis, Yellow Harlequin	N Rare. Dry, open woods.
		Dicentra cucullaris	Dutchman’s Breeches	N Rare. Woods.
Caper	Capparidaceae	Cleome sinosa	Spiderflower	A Rare. Escape.
Mustard, Cress	Cruciferaae	Allaria officinalis	Garlic Mustard	A Rare. Wood edge.
		Arabis lyrata	Lyre-leaved Rockcress	N Rare.
		Barbarea vulgaris	Yellow Rocket, WinterCress	A Frequent. Open woods.
		Berteroa incana	Hoary Alyssum	A Rare. Dry, open areas.
		Brassica rapa	Field Mustard, Rape, Turnip	A Rare. Open areas.
		Capsella bursa-pastoris	Shepherd’s Purse	A Occasional. Roadsides.
		Cardamine hirsuta	Hairy BitterCress	A Occasional. Open sun.
		C. pennsylvanica	Pennsylvania BitterCress	N Rare. Along creek.
		Dentaria laciniata	Cut-leaf Crinkleroot, Toothwort	N Frequent. Moist woods.
		Lepidium virginicum	Poor-man’s Peppergrass	N Occasional. Roadsides.
		Sisymbrium altissimum	Tumble Mustard	A Rare. Waste places.
		Thlaspi arvense	PennyCress	A Occasional. Waste places.
Sedum Stonecrop	Crassulaceae	Sedum acre	Mossy Stonecrop	A Rare. Rocks.
		S. telephium	Live-forever, Orpine	A Roadwide. Moist places.
		S. ternatum	Triplet Stonecrop	N Rare. Damp rocks.
[Saxifrage Family]	[Saxifragaceae]	Heuchera ameriana	Alumroot	N Occasional. Dry wood openings.
		Penthorum sedoides	Ditch Stonecrop	N Rare. Moist spots.
		Saxifraga virginiensis	Early Saxifrage	N Rare. Rocks.
Rose	Rosaceae	Agrimonia parviflora	Agrimony	N Rare. Moist open spots.
		A. pubescens	Agrimony	N Rare. Moist open spots.
		Aruncus dioicus	Goat’sBeard	N Rare. Shaded streambank.
		Duchesnea indica	Indian Strawberry	A Frequent. Open sun.
		Fragaria virginiana	Wild Strawberry	N Occasional. Open sun.
		Geum aleppicum	Yellow Avens	NU Rare. Moist open spots.
		G. canadense	White Avens	N Rare. Open woods.
		G. lacinatum	Hairy White Avens	N Rare. Open woods.
		Potentilla canadensis	Dwarf Cinquefoil	N Occasional. Open woods.
		P. recta	Rough-fruited Cinquefoil	A Rare. Moist meadows.
		P. simplex	Common Cinquefoil	N Frequent. Open woods.
Bean, Pea	Leguminosae	Cassia fasciculata	PartridgePea	N Rare. Dry soil.
		C. nictitans	Sensitive Plant	N Occasional. Dry soil, sun.
		Clitoria mariana	Butterfly Pea	N Rare. Dry soil.
		Desmodium canescens	Hoary Tick-trefoil	N Frequent. Open woods.
		D. glutinosum	Pointed-leaved or Whorled Tick-trefoil	N Frequent. Open woods.
		D. nudiflorum	Naked Tick-trefoil	N Frequent. Open woods.
		D. paniculatum	Panicled Tick-trefoil	N Occasional. Open woods.
		Lespedeza intermedia	Wandlike Bush-clover	N Occasional. Wood openings.
		L. repens	Creeping Bush-clover	N Along path.
		L. striata	Japanese Bush-clover	A Occasional. Sunny areas.
		L. violacea	Violet Bush-clover	N Rare. Open woods.
		Melilotus albus	White Sweet-clover	A Frequent. Open areas.
		M. officinalis	Yellow Sweet-clover	A Infrequent. Open areas.
		Strophostyles umbellata	Pink Wild Bean	N Rare. Sandy soil in sun.
		Trifolium agrarium	Hop-Clover	A Rare. Open areas.
		T. arvense	Rabbit-foot Clover	A Rare. Open fields.
		T. dubium	Least Hop-clover	A Frequent. Dry
		T. pratense	Red Clover	A Occasional. Roadside, open areas.
		T. procumbens	Smaller hop-clover	A Rare. Dry, open areas.
		T. repens	White Clover	A Frequent. Roadsides, open areas.
Oxalis, Wood-Sorrel	Oxalidaceae	Oxalis cornicula	Creeping Wood Sorrel	A Occasional. Open areas.
		O. stricta	Lady’s Sorrel, Yellow Wood-Sorrel	N Frequent
Flax	Linaceae	Linum usitatissimum	Blue Flax	A Rare. Waste land.
Geranium	Geraniaceae	Geranium carolinianum	Carolina Crane’s-bill	N Rare. Dry, sandy soil
		G. maculatum	Wild Geranium	N Rare. Shady, moist woods.
Spurge	Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha virginica	Three-seeded Mercury	N Occasional. Open areas.
		Euphorbia corollata	Flowering Spurge	N Occasional. Open
Touch-Me-Not	Balsaminaceae	Impatiens capensis	Spotted Jewel-weed, Lady’s Earrings	N Frequent. Moist areas by creek.
Mallow	Malvaceae	Sida spinosa	Prickly Mallow	N Rare. Creek bank.
St. Johnswort	Hypericaceae	Hypericum mutilum	Dwarf St. Johnswort	N Rare. Open sun.
		H. ellipticum	Pale St. Johnswort	NU Rare. Moist woods.
		H. perforatum	Common St. Johnswort	A Rare. Open sun.
Violet	Violaceae	Viola cucullata	Marsh Violet	N Frequent. Moist areas by creek.
		V. papilionacea	Common Blue Violet	N Frequent. Sunny, moist areas.
		V. priceana	Confederate Violet	A Frequent. Sunny, moist areas.
		V. kitaibelliana rafinesquii	Field Pansy	A Rare. Patches in moist areas in sun.
		V. striata	Cream Violet	N Rare. Moist, shady areas.
Evening Primrose	Onagraceae	Circaea quadrisculcata	Enchanter’s Nightshade	N Frequent. Patches in moist, shady woods.
		Epilobium angustifolium	Fireweed	NU Rare. Open sun.
		Gaura biennis	Biennial Gaura	A Rare. Creek bank.
		Ludwigia palternifolia	Seedbox	N Rare. Near creek in sun.
		L. palustris	Water Purslane	N Rare. Shallow water.
		Oenothera biennis	Tall Evening Primrose	N Rare. Stream bank.
		O. laciniata	Cut-leaved Evening Primrose	N Rare. Open areas.
		O. tetragona	Sundrops	N Rare. Open fields.
Ginsing	Araliaceae	Aralia racemosa	Spikenard	N Rare. Rich woods.
Parsley	Umbelliferae	Angelica apropurpura	Angelica	NU Rare. Creek bank.
		Cicuta maculata	Water Hemlock	N Rare. Creek bank.
		Cryptotaenia canadense	Honewort	N Frequent. Bottomland woods.
		Daucus carota	Queen Anne’s Lace, Wild Carrot	A Frequent. Open fields.
		Osmorhiza claytoni	Sweet Cicely	N Frequent. Bottomland woods.
		O. longistylis	Sweet Cicely (long-haired)	N Occasional. Bottomland woods.
		Sanicula marilandica	Black Snakeroot	NU Rare. Open woods.
Pyrola	Pyrolaceae	Chimpaphila maculata	Mottled Pipsissiwa, Spotted Wintergreen	N Rare. Dry woods.
		Monotropa uniflora	Indian-pipe, Corpse Flower	N Rare. Woods.
Heath	Ericaceae	Epigaea repens	Trailing Arbutus	N Rare. Sunny rocks.
Primrose	Primulaceae	Lysimachia ciliatum (Steironema ciliatum)	Fringed Loosestrife	N Occasional.
		L. lanceolatum	Lance-leaved Loosestrife	N Rare. Moist, sun.
		L. quadrifolia	Whorled Loosestrife	N Occasional. Open sun.
Dogbane	Apocynaceae	Apocynum cannabinum	White Dogbane, Indian Hemp	N Rare.
Milkweed	Asclepiadaceae	Asclepias incarnata	Swamp Milkweed	N Rare. Sunny, wet spots.
		A. tuberose	Butterfly-weed	N Rare. Dry
Phlox	Polemoniaceae	Phlox divaricata	Blue Phlox	N Occasional. Open woods.
		P. paniculata	Fall Phlox	N Rare. Moist, sunny areas.
For-Get-Me-Not	Boraginaceae	Mertensia virginica	Virginia Bluebells	N Rare. Moist streambottom.
Vervain	Verbenaceae	Verbena urticifolia	White Vervain	N Rare. Thicket, open woods.
Mint	Labiatae	Agastache scrophularifolia	Purple Giant Hyssup	NU Rare. Moist ground.
		Collinsonia canadensis	Horse-balm, Stoneroot	N Frequent. Woods.
		Glecoma hederaceae	Gill-over-the-ground, Ground Ivy	A Common.
		Lamium amplexicaule	Henbit	A Rare. Roadsides, waste ground.
		L. purpureum	Purple or Red Deadnettle	A Rare. Waste ground.
		Mentha aquariea	Water Mint	A Rare. Wet places.
		M. arvense	Wild Mint	N Rare. Open, sunny creekbank.
		M. spicata	Spearmint	A Rare. Moist spots near creek.
		Perilla fruitescens	Perilla, Beefsteak-Plant	A Occasional. Roadsides.
		Prunella vulgaris	Self-heal, Heal-all	A Common. Moist spots.
		Salvia lyrata	Rosette Sage	N Frequent. Open woods.
		Satureja vulgaris	Basil	N Rare. Wood edges.
		Scutellaria elliptica	Hairy Skullcap	N Rare. Dry woods.
		Teucrium canadense	Germander, Wood Sage	N Occasional. Thickets.
		Thymus serpyllum	Thyme	A Rare. Grass in open sun.
Potato	Solanaceae	Solanum carolinense	Horse Nettle	N Infrequent. Along creek.
		S. dulcamara	Nightshade, False Bittersweet	A Rare. Moist thickets.
		S. nigrum	Black or Deadly Night Shade	A Rare. Open creekbank.
Snapdragon	Scrophulariaceae	Gratiola aurea	Golden Hedge-hyssop, Golden Pert	N Rare. Wet spots.
		Lindernia anagallidia	False Pimpernel	N Rare. Low in grass.
		Mazus japonicus	Mazus	A Rare. Low in grass.
		Penstamin hirsutus	Hairy Beardtongue	N Rare. Woods.
		Verbascum blattaria	Moth Mullein (yellow)	A Rare. Roadsides, waste ground.
		V. thapsus	Common Mullein, Velvet Plant	A Rare. Rocky slopes.
		Veronica officinalis	Speedwell	N Frequent. Dry soil.
		V. arvensis	Corn Speedwell	A Rare.
Broomrape	Orobanchaceae	Orobanche uniflora	Pale Broomrape, Cancer-root	N Rare. Open woods or thickets.
Madder, Bedstraw	Rubiaceae	Galium aparine	Cleavers	N Frequent. Thickets.
		G. triflorum	Bedstraw	N Occasional. Moist woods.
		G. verum	Lady’s Bedstraw	A Rare. Open areas.
		Houstonia caerulea	Bluets, Quaker Ladies	N Frequent. Patches in open areas.
		H. lanceolata	Lance-leaved Houstonia	N Infrequent. Open areas.
		H. longifolia	Long-leaved Bluets, Tuffy	N Occasional. Dry soil.
		H. purpurea	Houstonia	N Open woods.
Bellfower, Bluebell	Campanulaceae	Specularia perfoliata	Venus’ Looking-glass, Mirrorweed	N Rare. Open sun.
Lobelia	Lobeliaceae	Lobelia cardinalis	Cardinal Flower	N Rare. Stream bank.
		L. elongata	Longleaf Lobelia	NU Rare. Wet spots.
		L. inflata	Indian Tobacco	N Occasional. Open woods.
		L. siphilitica	Great Lobelia (blue)	N Rare. Wet spots.
		L. spikata	Spiked or Meadow Lobelia	N Rare. Thicket, open woods.
Daisy, Sunflower, composite	Compositae	Achillea lanulosa	Yarrow	A Rare. Roadsides, open areas.
		Ambrosia artemisifolia	Common Ragweed	N Occasional. Roadsides.
		A. trifida	Buffalo Weed, Great Ragweed	N Rare. Sunny areas.
		A. trifolia var. integrifolia	Whole-leaved Buffalo Weed	N Rare. Sunny areas.
		Antenaria neglecta	Field Pussytoes	N Rare.
		Artemisia vulgaris	Wild Chrysanthemum, Mugwort	A Frequent. Open areas.
		Aster divaricatus	Wild Wood Aster	N Frequent. Open woods.
		A. ericoides	Heath Aster	NU Frequent. Open fields.
		A. lateriflorus	Starved or Calico Aster	N Occasional. Open areas.
		A. novae-anglias	New England Aster	N Rare. Near creek.
		A. pilosus	Aster	N Occasional. Dry fields and roadsides.
		A. puniceus	Red-stalked or Purple-stemmed Aster	N Rare. Along stream bank.
		A. sagittifolius	Arrow-leaved Aster	NU Rare. Dry, open woods.
		A. undulatus	Wavy-leaved Aster	N Rare. Dry, open woods.
		Bidens aristosa	Bur-marigold, Tick-seed Sunflower	N Rare. Moist, open areas.
		B. bipinnai	Spanish Needles	N Rare. Roadside.
		B. coronata	Tickseed Sunflower	N Occasional. Open sun.
		B. frontosa	Sticktights	N Occasional. Waste places.
		B. tripartita	Trifid Beggar-ticks	A Rare. Open woods.
		Chrysanthemum leucanthemum	Ox-eye Daisy	A Rare. Dry, open areas.
		C. parthenium	Feverfew	A Rare. Open areas.
		Chrysopsis mariana	Maryland Goldenaster	N Rare. Open sun.
		Cichorium intybus	Chicory, Succory	A Rare. Roadsides.
		Cirsium arvense	Canada Thistle	A Rare. Open sun.
		C. discolor	Field or Plumed Thistle	N Rare. Open sun.
		Elephantopus carolinianus	Elephant’s foot	N Frequent. Shady paths.
		Erechtites hieracifolia	Pilewort, Fireweed	N Occasional. Clearings, thickets.
		Erigeron annus	Daisy Fleabane	N Occasional. Open area.
		E. canadensis	Horseweed, Butterweed	N Frequent. Roadsides.
		E. pulchellus	Robin’s Plantain	N Rare. Open areas.
		Eupatorium coelestinum	Mist Flower	N Occasional. Moist, sunny spots.
		E. fistulosum	Joe-Pye-weed	N Rare. Moist thickets.
		E. perfoliatum	Boneset	N Rare. Moist ground, thickets.
		E. pilosum	Hairy Thoroughwort	N Rare. Moist ground.
		E. rugosum	White Snakeroot	N Occasional. Open woods.
		Galinsoga ciliata	Galinsoga, Quickweed	A Frequent. Anywhere.
		Gnaphalium obtusifolium	Sweet Everlasting, Catfoot	N Occasional. Dry areas.
		Helenium nudiflorum	Purple-headed Sneezeweed	N Rare. Stream banks.
		Helianthus divaricatus	Route Woodland Sunflower	N Rare. Open woods.
		Hieracium pratense	King Devil, Yellow Hawkweed	A Rare. Open sun.
		H. venosum	Rattlesnake-weed	N Rare. Open woods.
		Hypochoeris radicata	Cat’s ear	A Rare. Grassy places.
		Krigia virginia	Cynthia, Dwarf Dandelion	N Rare. Dry areas.
		Lactuca canadensis	Wild Lettuce, Gall-of-the-Earth	N Rare. Dry, sunny areas.
		L. floridans	Blue Lettuce	N Rare. Thickets.
		L. scariola	Prickly Lettuce	A Rare. Open sun.
		Prenanthes alba	White Rattlesnakeroot	N Rare. Thicket.
		Rudbeckia hirta	Black-eyed Susan	A Rare. Open sun.
		R. laciniata	Cut-leaf Coneflower, Wild Goldenglow	N Rare. Moist bottomland.
		Sericocarpus asteroides	Toothed, White-topped Aster	N Occasional. Along paths.
		Senecio aureus	Golden Ragwort, Golden Groundsel	N Rare. Low, moist woods.
		S. pauperculus	Balsalm Ragwort	N Rare. Field edge.
		Silphium trifoliatum	Whorled Rosinweed	N Rare. Open woods.
		Solidago bicolor	Silver-road, Creamy Goldenrod	N Rare. Dry, open woods.
		S. caesia	Wreath or Blue-stem Goldenrod	N Occasional. Open woods.
		S. canadensis	Canada Goldenrod	N Occasional. Roadsides.
		S. erecta	Slender Goldenrod	N Occasional . Roadsides.
		S. graminifolia	Grass-leaved Goldenrod	N Rare. Open fields.
		S. juncea	Early or Plume Goldenrod	N Frequent. Fields and roadsides.
		S. nemoralis	Gray Goldenrod	N Frequent. Roadsides.
		S. ulmifolia	Elm-leaved Goldenrod	N Occasional. Dry woods.
		Taxacum officinale	Common Dandelion	A Frequent. Open, grassy spots.
		Vernonia noveboracensis	New York Ironweed	N Rare. Near creek.
		Xanthium chinese	Clotbur, Cocklebur	N Occasional. Sandy shore.

TREES and SHRUBS For convenience, the shrubs are marked with an asterisk.

Group	Plant Family	*	Scientific Name	Common Name	Notes Key to Codes
Lily	Liliaceae		Similax bona-nox	Bullbrier [should have been with vines]	NU Rare. Moist shade. Mis-id; Strongly resembles Glaucous Greenbrier. Native to MD Eastern shore.
Cone-Bearers	Coniferae		Juniperus virginiana	Red Cedar	N Occasional. Open areas.
			Piceae abies	Norway Spruce	A Planted along parkway.
			Pinus strobus	White Pine	MD Planted along parkway by Park. Properly noted as “”planted”” in Salisbury List.
			P. sylvestris	Scotch Pine	A Planted along parkway by Park.
			P. taeda	Loblolly Pine	NC Rare. Mixed woods.
			P. virginiana	Scrub Pine	N Common. Often in pockets.
			Taxodium distichum	Bald Cypress	MD Rare. Perhaps planted. Definitely planted in Park. Native to S.E. MD coastal plain.
		*	Taxus canadensis	American Yew	NU Planted near creek. Mis-id; Confused w/ T. cuspidata, Japanese Yew.
			Thuja occidentalis	Arborvitae, White Cedar	MD Rare. Perhaps planted. Rarely naturalizes. Native to MD mountains.
			Tsuga canadensis	Hemlock	N Rare. Near creek.
Willows and Aspens	Salicaceae		Populus deltoides	Cottonwood	N Rare.
			P. grandidentata	Large-toothed Aspen	N Rare. Wood’s edge.
			Salix babylonica	Weeping Willow	A Rare. Along creek.
			S. fragilis	Crack Willow	A Rare.
			S. nigra	Black Willow	N Frequent. Near creek,
Walnuts	Juglandaceae		Carya cordiformis	Bitternut Hickory	N Fairly common. Mixed woods
			Juglands nigra	Black Walnut	N Rare,
		*	Alnus rugosa	Speckled Alder	NU Frequent. Along creek. Mis-id; Looks similar to Alnus serrulata; Native to MD mountains.
		*	A. serrulata	Smooth Alder	N Infrequent. Along creek
			Betula lutea	Yellow Birch	NU Occasional. Bottomland. Mis-id; Confused with young River Birch (similar bark & leaves).
			B. nigra	River Birch	N Frequent. Near creek.
			Carpinus caroliniana	Ironwood, Blue Beech	N Common. Bottomland and along creek.
Beech & Oaks	Fagaceae		Fagus grandifolia	Americn Beech	N Frequent. Especially in pockets in mature woods.
			Quercus alba	White Oak	N Frequent. Mature woods.
			Q. coccinea	Scarlet Oak	N Planted along parkway.
			Q. imbriearia	Shingle Oak	N Rare. In open.
			Q. marilandica	Blackjack Oak	N Rare.
			O. palustris	Pin Oak	N Frequent. Mature woods.
			Q. phellos	Willow Oak	N Occasional.
			Q. prinus	Chestnut Oak	N Rare. Mature woods.
			O. rubra (borealis)	Red Oak	N Frequent. Mature woods.
			Q. velutina	Black Oak	N Infrequent. Dry woods.
Elm	Ulmaceae		Ulmus americana	American Elm	N Rare. Open areas.
			U. thomasi	Rock Elm	A Rare. Creek bank.
Mulberry	Moraceae		Morus alba	White Mulberry	A Frequent. Along creek.
			M. rubra	Red Mulberry	N Infrequent.
Barberry	Berberidaceae	*	Berberis thunbergii	Japanese Barberry	A Occasional. Open woods.
Magnolia	Magnoliaceae		Liriodendron tulipifera	Tulip-tree	N Common. Mature woods.
			Magnolia soulangeana	Saucer Magnolia	A Rare.
Laurel	Lauraceae	*	Lindera benzoin	Spicebush	N Frequent. Low, moist woods.
			Sassafras albidum	Sassafras	N Infrequent. Dry woods.
Planetree	Platanaceae		Platanus occidentalis	Sycamore, American Planetree	N Frequent. Mature woods.
Witch Hazel	Hamamelidaceae	*	Hamamelis virginiana	Witch Hazel	N Infrequent. Woods near creek.
			Liquidambar styraciflua	Sweet Gum	NC Infrequent. Woods near creek.
Saxifrage	Saxifragaceae	*	Deutzia scabra	Fuzzy Deutzia	A Rare. Probably an escape.
		*	Hydrangea arborescens	Smooth Hydrangea	N Rare.
		*	H. paniculata	Panicle Hydrangea	A Escape.
		*	Philadelphus inodorus	Scentless Mock-orange	A Rare.
Rose	Rosaceae		Amelanchier arborea	Shadbush, Serviceberry	N Rare. Wood’s edge near creek.
		*	A. stolonifera	Running Juneberry	NU Rare. Near creek. Mis-id. Probably Amelanchier arborearoot sprouts.
			Prunus coronaria	American Crabapple	N Rare.
			P. hortulana	Goose Plum	A Rare.
			P. malus	Domestic Apple	A Rare. Escape. Roads and streams
			P. serotina	Black Cherry	N Rare.
		*	P. virginiana	Chokecherry	NU Infrequent. Mis-id; Similar to young Prunus serotina. Native to MD mountains.
		*	Pyrocantha coccinia	Leland Pyrocantha or Firethorn	A Rare. Escape. Roads and streams
		*	Rhodotypos scandens	Black Jetbead	A Rare. Planted.
		*	Rosa carolina	Pasture or Carolina Rose	N Rare. Dry, sunny areas.
		*	R. Dorthia Perkins	Pink Columbine Rose	A Rare. Escape. Roads and streams.
		*	R. multiflora	Multiflora Rose	A Frequent. Sunny areas.
		*	R. occidentalis	Black Raspberry	N Rare. Open sun.
		*	R. pensylvanica	Blackberry	N Occasional. Open thickets.
		*	R. phoenicolasius	Wine Raspberry	A Occasional. Open sun.
		*	Spiraea prunifolia	Double Bridalwreath	A Rare. Escape.
Bean or Pea, Legume	Leguminosa		Cercis canadensis	Redbud or Judas Tree	MN Occasional understory.
			Albizzia julibrissin	Mimosa, Silktree	A Occasional. Open woods.
			Robinia pseudoacacia	Black Locust	N Fairly common. Dry woods.
Cashew	Anacardiaceae		Rhus glabra	Smooth Sumac	N Rare. Wood edges.
			R. typhina	Staghorn Sumac	N Rare. Wood edges.
Buckthorn	Rhamnaceae		Ceanothus americanus	Jersey Tea	N Rare. Dry woods.
Holly	Aquifoliaceae		Ilex opaca	American Holly	N Occasional. Understory tree.
Soapberry	Sapindaciceae		Koelreuteria paniculata	Panicled Goldenrain Tree	A Rare. Planted
Staff-Tree	Celastraceae	*	Euonymus fortunei	Glossy Wintercreeper	A Rare. Groundcover in shade.
		*	E. verrucosus	Warty Euonymus	A Planted.
Maple	Aceraceae		Acer negundo	Ash-leaved Maple, Box-elder	N Occasional.
			A. platanoides	Norway Maple	A Rare. Escape.
			A. rubrum	Red or Swamp Maple	N Common. Moist woods.
			A. saccharum	Sugar Maple	MN Rare. In upland woods. Naturalized from yard and park plantings. Native to MD mountains.
			A. saccharinum	Silver Maple	N Rare. Open woods.
Mallow	Malvaceae	*	Hibiscus syriacus	Rose of Sharon, Shrubalthea	A Escape or planted.
Dogwood	Cornaceae		Cornus florida	Flowering Dogwood	N Frequent. Understory.
		*	C. stolonifera	Red-osier, Dogwood	NU Rare. Mis-id; Easily confused with Cornus amomum.
			Nyssa sylvatica	Sour Gum or Black Tupelo	N Occasional. Woods.
Heath	Ericaceae	*	Azalea nudiflora	Pink Azalea, Pinxterbloom	N Occasional. Woods. Nearly eradicated by vandals, is returning.
		*	Kalmia latifolia	Mountain Laurel	N Infrequent. Understory.
			Oxydendrum arboreum	Sourwood	NU Rare. Open or wood edge. Mis-id; Likely confused w/ Persimmon (similar bark, leaves and habit).
		*	Rhododendrom maximum	Pink Rhododendron	MD Infrequent. Understory. Naturalized from yard and park plantings.
		*	Vaccinium vacillana	Low-bush Blueberry	N Infrequent. Open woods and along paths.
Ebony	Ebenaceae		Diospyros virginiana	Persimmon	N Rare. In open woods.
Olive	Oleaceae		Fraxinus americana	White Ash	N Occasional. Along creek.
		*	Jasminum nudiflorum	Winter Jasmine	A Planted by Park Commission.
		*	Ligustrum vulgare	Common or European Privet	A Rare. Escape.
Figwort, Snapdragon	Scrophulariaceae		Paulownia tomentosa	Princess Tree, Royal Paulownia	A Rare.
	Bignoniaceae		Catalpa bignonioides	Common Catalpa	A Infrequent.
	Simarubaceae		Ailanthus altissima	Tree of Heaven	A A weed tree.
Madder, Bedstraw	Rubiaceae	*	Cephalanthus occidentalis	Buttonbush	N Rare. Wet bottomland.
Honeysuckle	Caprifoliaceae	*	Abelia grandiflora	Glossy Abelia	A Planted by Park.
		*	Lonicera xylosteum	European Fly Honeysuckle	A Frequent. Along creek.
		*	Sambucus canadensis	Elderberry	N Occasional . Along creek.
		*	Viburnum acerfolium	Mapleleaf Viburnum	N Frequent. Woods and along stream.
		*	V. dentatum	Arrowwood	N Frequent. Shaded bottomland.
		*	V. prunifolia	Blackhaw	N Occasional. Understory in bottomland.
		*	V. rytidophyllum	Leather-leaf Viburnum	A Planted by Park
		*	V. sitiges	Red-berried Viburnum	A Rare. Escape.
		*	V. tomentosum	Doublefile Viburnum	A Planted by Park, or escape.
		*	Weigelia floribunda	Crimson Weigelia	A Planted by Park Commission.
		*	W. florida	Old-fashioned Weigelia	A Planted by Park.

VINES

Group	Plant Family	Scientific Name	Common Name	Notes Key to Codes
Lily	Liliaceae	Dioscorea quaternata	Wild Yam	N Occasional. Moist woods.
		D. villosa	Wild Yam	N Rare. Moist woods.
		Smilax glauca	Catbrier or Horsebrier	N Occasional. Moist woods.
		S. rotundifolia	Sawbrier or Greenbrier	N Occasional. Moist woods.
Birthwort	Aristolochiaceae	Aristolochia durior	Dutchman’s Pipe, Pipevine	MN Rare. Near stream bank. Naturalized from yard planting. Native to MD mountains.
Smartweed, Buckwheat	Polyganaceae	Polygonum scandens	Climbing False Buckwheat	N Rare. Open on creek bank.
		P. suberti	Silvervine Fleeceflower	A Rare. Open areas.
Buttercup, Crowfoot	Ranunculaceae	Clematis paniculata	Sweetautumn Clematis	A Rare. Wood openings.
Bean, Pea	Leguminosae	Amphicarpa bracteata	Hog-peanut	N Frequent. Oepn woods.
		Apios americana	Ground-nut, Wild Bean	N Moist thickets.
		Lathyrus latifolius	Perennial or Everlasting Pea	A Rare. Open sun.
		Pueraria thunbergiana	Kudzu Vine	A Rare. Exposed banks.
		Vicia sativa	Spring Vetch	A Rare. Open sun.
Cashew	Anacardiaceae	Rhus radicans	Poison Ivy	N Common. Open and in second growth woods.
Vines	Vitaceae	Parthenocissus quinquefolia	Woodbine, Virginia Creeper	N Frequent. Wood openings and along parkway.
		Vitis aestevalis	Summer Grape	N Occasional. Thickets.
		V. labrucea	Fox Grape	N Frequent. Thickets.
		V. palmata	Cat Grape	AU Rare. Thickets. Mis-id; similar to V. vulpina; Cat Grape not native to Maryland.
		V. riparia	Riverbank Grape	NU Rare. Along creek. Perhaps confused with the similar V. vulpina; native along Potomac.
Ginsing, Ivy	Araliaceae	Hedera helix	English Ivy	A Infrequent. Escape, found near houses.
Dogbane	Apocynaceae	Vinca minor	Periwinkle, Myrtle	A Occasional. Groundcover in woods.
Morning-Glory	Convolvulaceae	Convolvulus arvensis	Field Bindweed	A Rare. Along stream.
		C. sepium	Hedge Bindweed	N Infrequent. Open areas.
		Cuscuta gronovii	Dodder	N Rare. In low ground, thickets.
		Ipomoea hederacea	Ivy-leaved Morning-Glory	N Rare. Open, moist places.
		I. pandurata	Big-root Morning-Glory	N Infrequent. Stream banks.
Honeysuckle	Caprifoliaceae	Lonicera japonica	Japanese Honeysuckle	A Ubiquitous.
Box	Buxaceae	Pachysandra terminalis	Pachysandra, Japanese Spurge	A Rare. Escape near houses.